What characteristic defines the Free Exercise Clause?

The Free Exercise Clause is fundamentally about safeguarding individuals' rights to practice their religion without government interference. This constitutional provision ensures that people can observe their religious beliefs, participate in rituals, and express their faith freely, provided they do not violate public order or the rights of others. This protection is crucial for the functioning of a pluralistic society that values religious diversity.

The other choices touch on related but distinct concepts. Promoting religious affiliation is not the focus of the Free Exercise Clause; rather, the clause is designed to ensure freedom from government restriction on religious practices. The prohibition on establishing state religions relates to the Establishment Clause, which is separate in its intent and provisions. Lastly, allowing government oversight of all religious institutions contradicts the essence of the Free Exercise Clause, which aims to limit government interference rather than increase its control over religious practices.