What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

The 13th Amendment accomplished the abolition of slavery in the United States. Ratified in 1865, this amendment formally ended the legal practice of slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. This was a significant landmark in American history, as it marked the beginning of the transformation of civil rights in the country following the Civil War.

The amendment serves as a fundamental constitutional change that aimed to ensure freedom for millions of African Americans who had been enslaved. This shift was essential in laying the groundwork for subsequent amendments and civil rights legislation that would follow, aiming to promote equality and justice.

The other options, while addressing important aspects of civil rights, do not directly pertain to what the 13th Amendment specifically accomplished. The establishment of citizenship (which is covered by the 14th Amendment), voting rights (addressed by the Voting Rights Act and later amendments), and equal protection under the law (also established in the 14th Amendment) occurred as part of broader reforms that evolved after the initial abolition of slavery.