What does monetary policy primarily focus on?

Monetary policy primarily focuses on controlling the money supply. This involves the actions taken by a country's central bank to manage the supply of money in the economy, primarily through mechanisms such as interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations. By adjusting the money supply, central banks aim to influence macroeconomic factors such as inflation, employment, and economic growth.

For instance, when a central bank increases the money supply, it typically lowers interest rates, making borrowing cheaper, which can stimulate economic activity. Conversely, reducing the money supply can help curb inflation by making credit more expensive, slowing down spending and investment. This fundamental function of monetary policy distinguishes it from other areas such as tax regulation, government debt management, or international trade facilitation, which handle different aspects of economic management and do not primarily serve the goal of controlling the money supply.