What does political efficacy refer to?

Political efficacy refers to a person's confidence in their ability to effect political change. This concept encompasses two primary dimensions: internal efficacy, which is the belief in one's own competence in understanding and participating in the political process, and external efficacy, which pertains to the belief that political institutions will respond to one's actions.

A strong sense of political efficacy can motivate individuals to engage in civic activities such as voting, campaigning, or advocacy, under the belief that their participation can make a difference. When individuals believe that they can influence political outcomes, they are more likely to take part in the democratic process and strive for social or political change.

In contrast, the other choices focus on different aspects of political involvement. Knowledge of political parties, affiliation with a political group, and voting history do not directly assess an individual's perceived capacity to influence politics. While these factors can relate to one's overall political engagement, they do not inherently reflect confidence in effecting change within the political system.