What economic term describes a policy involving minimal government intervention and maximum individual freedom in market transactions?

The term that best describes a policy involving minimal government intervention and maximum individual freedom in market transactions is libertarianism. This philosophy prioritizes individual liberty and advocates for a free market system where individuals are free to engage in voluntary exchanges without government restrictions. Libertarians typically argue that government involvement distorts market dynamics and restricts personal freedoms, thus favoring policies that enable people to pursue their own economic interests with little interference.

While capitalism is often associated with free market principles, it does not inherently imply minimal government intervention; many capitalist economies include regulations and government programs. Liberalism is broader and can encompass various forms of government, including those that do support some level of intervention. Socialism, on the other hand, advocates for significant government control and intervention in the economy to promote equality and redistribute wealth, directly opposing the idea of maximum individual freedom in market transactions.