What is the purpose of fiscal policy in economic terms?

Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. The primary aims of fiscal policy are to stabilize economic fluctuations, promote sustainable growth, and achieve low unemployment and stable prices. By adjusting the levels of taxation and government expenditures, the government can influence overall economic demand.

When the economy is experiencing a downturn, the government may increase spending or decrease taxes, which can stimulate economic activity by boosting consumer and business spending. Conversely, during periods of high inflation, the government might reduce spending or increase taxes to cool off the economy. This management of taxes and spending is central to enhancing economic stability and promoting a healthy economic environment.

Therefore, the option that focuses on managing taxes and government spending to influence economic stability encapsulates the essence of what fiscal policy aims to achieve. It addresses how these tools can lead to desired economic outcomes such as growth and stability, rather than focusing narrowly on other aspects, such as international trade or exclusive control over inflation.