Which concept emphasizes personal identity defined by individual attributes rather than group affiliation?

The concept that emphasizes personal identity defined by individual attributes rather than group affiliation is individualism. Individualism focuses on the rights, independence, and self-reliance of the individual, suggesting that each person is unique and should have the freedom to pursue their own goals and express their own identity. This worldview promotes the idea that individuals should not be solely defined by their membership in groups or collectives, such as families, communities, or nations, but rather by their personal choices, character, and achievements.

In contrast to collectivist ideologies, which prioritize the needs and goals of the group over those of the individual, individualism champions the notion that personal identity is constructed through one's own experiences, beliefs, and decisions. This perspective has significant implications in various areas, including politics, economics, and social structures, as it often leads to advocacy for personal freedoms, rights, and responsibilities.