Which of the following is NOT an example of a linkage institution?

Linkage institutions are structures within a society that connect the people to the government, allowing citizens to express their preferences and influence policy. Elections, interest groups, and political parties are all critical components of this system.

Elections serve as a direct mechanism through which the public can choose their representatives and voice their preferences for policies. Interest groups advocate for specific issues and mobilize citizens to influence government decisions, acting as a bridge between individuals and elected officials. Political parties organize various interests in society, enable people to rally around shared values and goals, and facilitate the election of candidates.

In contrast, the judiciary's primary role lies in interpreting laws and ensuring justice rather than directly connecting the public to the government. While the judiciary plays a vital role in the functioning of democracy and can influence public policy through its rulings, it does not directly facilitate public participation or representation in the same way that the other options do. Thus, it is the correct answer as it does not fit the definition of a linkage institution.